Use the links provided below to view production numbers categorized by series, Federal Reserve Bank (FRB), and print run.
| ALL | $1 | $2 | $5 | $10 | $20 | $50 | $100 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | $1 | – | $5 | $10 | – | – | $100 |
| 2017A | $1 | $2 | $5 | $10 | $20 | $50 | $100 |
| 2017 | $1 | – | – | $10 | $20 | – | – |
| 2013 | $1 | $2 | $5 | $10 | $20 | $50 | $100 |
| 2009A | – | – | – | – | – | – | $100 |
| 2009 | $1 | $2 | $5 | $10 | $20 | $50 | $100 |
| 2006A | – | – | – | – | – | – | $100 |
| 2006 | $1 | – | $5 | $10 | $20 | $50 | $100 |
| 2004A | – | – | – | $10 | $20 | $50 | – |
| 2004 | – | – | – | – | $20 | $50 | – |
| 2003A | $1 | $2 | $5 | – | – | – | $100 |
| 2003 | $1 | $2 | $5 | $10 | – | – | $100 |
| 2001 | $1 | – | $5 | $10 | $20 | $50 | $100 |
| 1999 | $1 | – | $5 | $10 | $20 | – | $100 |
| 1996 | – | – | – | – | $20 | $50 | $100 |
| 1995 | $1 | $2 | $5 | $10 | $20 | – | – |
| 1993 | $1 | – | $5 | $10 | $20 | $50 | $100 |
| 1990 | – | – | – | $10 | $20 | $50 | $100 |
| 1988A | $1 | – | $5 | $10 | $20 | – | – |
| 1988 | $1 | – | $5 | – | – | $50 | $100 |
| 1985 | $1 | – | $5 | $10 | $20 | $50 | $100 |
| 1981A | $1 | – | $5 | $10 | $20 | $50 | $100 |
| 1976 | – | $2 | – | – | – | – | – |
The United States dollar, a globally recognized currency, is intricately designed and meticulously produced. Behind every note is a complex process combining artistry, advanced technology, and strict security measures to maintain trust and combat counterfeiting. Here’s an in-depth look at how U.S. paper money is printed and the key elements of its production.
The Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP)
The BEP, a division of the U.S. Department of the Treasury, is the agency responsible for printing all U.S. paper currency. With facilities in Washington, D.C., and Fort Worth, Texas, the BEP produces billions of notes annually to meet the needs of the Federal Reserve System.
Key Components of a U.S. Bill
Every dollar bill is a combination of complex elements designed to ensure durability, functionality, and security:
- Paper: Unlike regular paper, U.S. currency paper is a blend of 75% cotton and 25% linen, making it more durable and giving it a unique texture. Tiny red and blue fibers are embedded within the material.
- Ink: The BEP uses special inks that are both long-lasting and equipped with security features, such as color-shifting properties. The green ink on the back and black on the front are distinctive traits.
- Design: Each bill contains intricate patterns, microprinting, and watermarks to deter counterfeiting. Portraits of historical figures and symbolic images reflect the nation’s heritage.
The Printing Process
- Engraving: Highly skilled engravers create intricate designs on steel plates, which are later used to imprint the notes with great precision.
- Offset Printing: For some features, offset printing lays down multiple colors onto sheets of currency paper.
- Intaglio Printing: This high-pressure printing process uses engraved plates to transfer designs onto paper, creating raised surfaces that can be felt by touch.
- Serial Numbers and Seals: Each note receives a unique serial number and Federal Reserve Bank seal. Serial numbers include star notes to replace defective bills without altering the sequence.
- Cutting and Quality Control: Sheets of printed currency are cut into individual notes, inspected, and bundled for distribution. Any flawed bills are destroyed.
Security Features
U.S. currency integrates numerous security features to prevent counterfeiting:
- Watermarks: Embedded images visible when held to the light.
- Security Threads: Embedded polymer strips visible under UV light.
- Color-Shifting Ink: Numerals in the corner change color when the note is tilted.
- Microprinting: Tiny text only visible under magnification.
Federal Reserve Role
Once printed, the currency is delivered to the Federal Reserve Banks, which distribute it to financial institutions. Old or worn notes are collected and either shredded or recycled to maintain the quality of circulating money.
Star Notes and Collectibility
Some bills feature a star (*) next to the serial number, signifying they replace notes removed due to errors. These “star notes” are rare and highly sought after by collectors.
U.S. paper currency production is a fascinating blend of art, technology, and precision. By incorporating advanced features and rigorous quality standards, the United States ensures its dollar remains reliable and respected worldwide.